Designer

Norman E. Nemeth

The Air Force mechanic who became a US Mint engraver — and put a woman's harvest on the dollar.

Norman E. Nemeth fixed jet engines before he ever touched clay. He came late to the art, late to the Mint, and then, in a single decade, his hands shaped the buffalo's comeback on the nickel, the flag-raising at Iwo Jima on a silver dollar, and a quiet little farming scene that still rides in cash drawers today.

Who he was

Norman E. Nemeth came to coins the long way around. He was born in Newport News, Virginia, on November 23, 1942, and in 1961 — at eighteen or nineteen — he enlisted in the US Air Force. Not as an artist. As a jet mechanic, servicing aircraft for the Strategic Air Command and the Military Air Transport Service. He was honorably discharged in 1965.

Only then did he pick up a chisel. He enrolled at the Hartford Art School of the University of Hartford, and the talent showed fast: still a student in 1968, he was commissioned to make a sculpture for the school's own permanent collection. He took his B.F.A. in sculpture in 1969 and won the school's Mitchell Award for Excellence the same year.

What came next reads like a tour of every way you can make a living with your hands. Eleven years as a designer-sculptor at the Franklin Mint — the private mint famous for its medals and collectibles. Then more than two decades freelancing: coin and medal companies, direct-mail marketers, and, oddly, the holographic industry. He modeled coins and medals, yes, but also plaques, toys, porcelain, pewter sculpture, dolls, and masks. By the time he walked into the United States Mint as a sculptor-engraver in 2001, at nearly sixty, he had spent a lifetime drilling the one skill the job demands above all else: how to make an idea read clearly in a few hundredths of an inch of metal.

The craft — what a Mint sculptor actually does

Here is a thing most people never realize about a coin: the artist who draws it is usually not the one who carves it. A design might come from an outside artist, or from the Mint's Artistic Infusion Program — its stable of contract designers — as a flat sketch. A staff sculptor-engraver then translates that drawing into a three-dimensional model. The model becomes the die, the hardened steel stamp that strikes the coin. That translation — flat to round, paper to steel — was Nemeth's trade for most of his Mint career.

Look at the 2005 American Bison nickel, the year the buffalo briefly came home to the five-cent piece. The drawing was by Artistic Infusion artist Jamie Franki. The sculpture — the solid, muscular animal in profile, every contour reading at coin scale — is Nemeth's. Their initials sit on opposite sides of the ground beneath the bison: Franki's at the left, Nemeth's at the right. It is a perfect snapshot of how the modern Mint works — two names, two jobs, one coin. The coin was a hit; it took a Coin of the Year award for most popular world coin.

The same division of labor runs through his best-known circulating work. The 2007 Wyoming quarter — the bucking horse and rider, "The Equality State" — was designed by Donna Weaver and sculpted by Nemeth, his initials "NEN" tucked beside the horse. He could also carry someone else's grand idea into metal with real drama: for the 2005 Marine Corps silver dollar he modeled Joe Rosenthal's photograph of the flag-raising over Iwo Jima, the year and his initials hidden in the rock of Mount Suribachi. But the coin where Nemeth was both hands — designer and engraver — is the one people still carry without knowing his name.

The Three Sisters dollar <!-- kind: prose; anchor: three-sisters -->

Nemeth's most enduring coin is also one of the quietest. In 2007, Congress passed the Native American $1 Coin Act, which ordered a new reverse every year on the Sacagawea dollar — each honoring a real contribution of Native peoples. The obverse stayed put: Glenna Goodacre's portrait of Sacagawea, the young Lemhi Shoshone woman who traveled with Lewis and Clark, her infant son on her back.

For the very first of these new reverses, in 2009, the Mint chose a design Nemeth both drew and carved — and it is striking how little it shouts. No chief, no eagle, no monument. Instead: a Native American woman bending to plant seeds in a field of corn, beans, and squash. This is the "Three Sisters," a planting method thousands of years old in which the three crops grow together so each helps the others — the cornstalk gives the beans a pole to climb, the beans feed nitrogen back into the soil, the squash spreads low and shades out weeds. The three together yield far more than any one grown alone. It is one of humanity's oldest and smartest pieces of farming, and Nemeth put it on a coin that still circulates today.

There is a second reason the 2009 dollar is a collector's favorite, and it has nothing to do with the picture. Beginning that year, the date and motto moved off the face of the coin and onto its edge — incused lettering you can feel with a fingernail. Collectors track the two positions in which that edge lettering can land, a small modern variety hiding on a coin most people never look at twice.

Career timeline

Key facts

Questions collectors ask

Sources

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